查阅相关文献可以发现,楼主的提高亮度改善近视的说法似乎有些夸大:提高亮度(大概率)有用,但用处或许非常有限。
(不过第七次(2014年)全国学生体质健康调研与监测结果显示:我国小学生、初中生、高中生、大学生的视力不良率高达45.71%、74.36%、83.28%、86.36%。第八次(2018年)结果尚未公布。印象中最近不知在哪看到了大学生近视率90%+的报道,也大致符合我的预期。看来学生确实是没少受到近视的摧残~)
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在世卫组织2019年发布的World report on vision报告(XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXt/publications/i/item/world-report-on-vision )中,没有明确提及亮度或照度和近视的相关性。
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预防性措施集中在第三章 应对眼疾和视力损伤-第一节 预防中,对于近视的描述为:
儿童预防性生活方式的改变,包括增加待在户外的时间同时减少近距离工作活动,可减缓近视度数加深,从而降低患高度近视及其并发症的风险 (9, 15)。
表 3.1:一生中常见的眼疾以及采用的应对策略中,对于屈光不正的描述为:
改善:不适用
可导致视力损伤:是
预防:老花眼、远视和散光是无法预防的。另一方面,有关近视,增加儿童待在户外的时间并减少近距离工作活动,可延迟患上近视和近视加深,这可降低高度近视及其并发症的风险(9,15)。还有一系列的光学、药物、行为和外科手术干预可延迟患上近视或减慢其发展成为重症形式及出现严重并发症,但需要开展进一步研究(68)。
治疗:建议仅在儿童中筛查屈光不正,以避免未矫正的屈光不正对学习成绩产生不利影响(12)。可通过眼镜或隐形眼镜有效补偿由屈光不正引起的视力下降。激光屈光手术以及不太常见的人工晶状体被用于矫正屈光不正。
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上述参考文献9. He M, Xiang F, Zeng Y, Mai J, Chen Q, Zhang J, et al.
Effect of time spent outdoors at school on the
development of myopia among children in China: a
randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;314(11):1142–8.中未提及亮度的影响,仅表明户外时间与近视率在统计学上有负相关,且效果有限。
Effect of Time Spent Outdoors at School on the Development of Myopia Among Children in China A Randomized Clinical Trial.pdf
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The cumulative incidence rate of myopia was 30.4% in the intervention group (259 incident cases among 853 eligible participants) and 39.5% (287 incident cases among 726 eligible participants) in the control group (difference of −9.1% [95% CI, −14.1% to −4.1%]; P < .001).
There was also a significant difference in the 3-year change in spherical equivalent refraction for the intervention group (−1.42 D) compared with the control group (−1.59 D) (difference of 0.17 D [95% CI, 0.01 to 0.33 D]; P = .04). Elongation of axial length was not significantly different between the intervention group (0.95 mm) and the control group (0.98 mm) (difference of −0.03 mm [95% CI, −0.07 to 0.003 mm]; P = .07)
第一段表明对照组实验组近视的发生率相差仅9.1%;而第二段则表明对照组实验组近视的平均度数仅相差17度,眼球轴向长度无显著差异(即17度基本是假性近视的度数)……(不过实验组仅仅是上学日每天增加40分钟户外时间,延长或许会有改善)
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参考文献15. Gifford KL, Richdale K, Kang P, Aller TA, Lam CS,
Liu YM, et al. IMI – Clinical Management Guidelines
Report. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.
2019;60(3):M184-m203.中包含两段关于亮度的表述:
IMI – Clinical Management Guidelines Report.pdf
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It is not clear whether the beneficial effect of time spent outdoors is due to the brightness of light exposure,26,27 increased short-wavelength (360–400 nm) and UV light exposure,28,29 the more uniform dioptric field of view across the retina when outdoors compared with indoor environments,30 or other mechanisms. Although increased time spent outdoors is effective in attenuating the onset of myopia, there is little evidence that outdoor time regulates progression of existing myopes, as measured by refraction.21 More detail on visual environment interventions can be found in the IMI – Interventions for Controlling Myopia Onset and Progression Report.
The protective effect of outdoor time for the onset of myopia in humans is supported by animal studies that have reported reduced eye growth with exposure to bright light and the opposite effect, axial elongation, and myopia, resulting from reduced light levels.211,212 High ambient lighting has been shown to have protective effects against the development of form deprivation myopia in Rhesus monkeys.213
第一段表明增长户外活动的时间对延缓近视有好处,但机理尚不明确;第二段表明在Rhesus monkeys上的动物实验支持提高亮度-减缓近视的结论,但对人来说未有实验数据支持。
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总的来讲,在预防近视上,提高室内亮度看起来仅仅是聊胜于无的东西……延长户外活动时间获得的好处非常有限不说,提高亮度也仅仅是其众多机理假说中的其中一项而已。
不过我个人还是很支持提高室内亮度,看起书来会清楚很多~
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